Mexican marigold (Tagetes erecta)

Mexican marigold (Tagetes erecta), also known as African or Aztec marigold, is a flowering plant native to Mexico and Central America. It belongs to the Asteraceae family and is one of the most popular ornamental plants, primarily due to its vibrant and long-lasting blooms.
Description

Height: Tagetes erecta can grow between 30 to 100 cm, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
Leaves: The leaves are pinnate, deeply divided, and green.
Flowers: The flowers are large, full, most commonly yellow, orange, or gold, but can also be white. The diameter of the flowers can range from 5 to 12 cm.
Scent: They have a strong scent that repels some insects and pests.

Growing Conditions

Light: Tagetes erecta thrives best in full sun, though it can tolerate partial shade.
Soil: The plant is not demanding regarding soil but grows best in well-drained, slightly acidic to neutral soils.
Water: It requires regular watering, especially during dry periods, but does not tolerate excessive moisture, which can lead to root rot.

Uses

Ornamental plant: Due to its large and colorful flowers, it is popular in gardens, flower beds, pots, and as cut flowers.
Cultural significance: In Mexico and other parts of Latin America, this plant holds great cultural significance, especially during the Day of the Dead (Día de los Muertos) celebrations, where the flowers are often used to decorate altars and graves.
Medicinal use: In traditional medicine, Tagetes erecta is used to treat various ailments, including digestive issues, wounds, and eye inflammations.
Culinary: The petals are sometimes used as a natural dye or flavoring in cooking, but caution is required as the plant can contain compounds that are toxic in large quantities.

Importance for the Garden

Pest repellant: Tagetes erecta is known for its natural repellent properties. Its flowers and leaves release compounds that repel certain pests, such as nematodes and some insects.
Companion planting: It is often used as a companion plant in vegetable gardens, helping to protect other plants from pests.

Propagation

Seeds: It is mainly propagated by seeds, which are best sown indoors in early spring and then transplanted outdoors after the last frost.
Maintenance: It requires regular deadheading, which encourages new blooming.

Connection to Traditional Beliefs

In Mexico, Tagetes erecta is often associated with beliefs about the afterlife. Its bright flower is considered a guide for the souls of the deceased back to the world of the living. Because of this, it is frequently used in religious rituals and celebrations.

Tagetes erecta is a plant that combines beauty, utility, and cultural significance. Its versatility and low maintenance make it a popular choice for both ornamental and functional gardens.Aztec marigold, African marigold [English]; rose d'Inde, souci aztèque, souci africain, tagète [French]; tagete [Spanish]; cempasúchil, cempaxochitl, cempoal, zempoal, flor de muertos, clavel chino, clavelón de la India [Spanish/Mexico]; rosa de oiro, cravo de defuntos, cravo da Índia, cravo de Tunes [Portuguese]; Aufrechte Studentenblume [German]