Lanzarote is one of the Canary Islands, located in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of North Africa. The island covers an area of approximately 845.9 square kilometers (326.6 square miles), making it the fourth largest of the Canary Islands. As of 2023, Lanzarote has a population of around 156,000 people. The capital of the island is Arrecife, which is also its largest city. Lanzarote is known for its unique volcanic landscape, which has earned it recognition as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
Lanzarote is a unique island known for its volcanic landscapes, sustainable tourism, and artistic heritage. Its combination of natural wonders, mild climate, and cultural landmarks make it a fascinating destination for travelers seeking both relaxation and adventure. The island’s commitment to preserving its environment, thanks in part to the work of César Manrique, ensures that its beauty will be enjoyed for generations to come.
How big is the island of Lanzarote and how many people does it have?
Lanzarote is the easternmost of the Canary Islands, with a surface area of 845.9 square kilometers (326.6 square miles). It is a relatively flat island, with its highest peak, Peñas del Chache, reaching only 670 meters (2,198 feet). The island was formed by volcanic eruptions millions of years ago, and its most defining feature is the volcanic terrain, particularly the Timanfaya National Park, which covers a significant portion of the island and contains over 100 volcanic cones.
The island's landscape is dominated by lava fields, craters, and rugged terrain, earning it the nickname "Island of Fire." The last significant volcanic activity occurred between 1730 and 1736, with additional eruptions in 1824, shaping much of the modern landscape. Despite the barren appearance in many areas, Lanzarote is known for its unique agricultural practices, including the cultivation of grapes in volcanic ash, particularly in the La Geria region.
Climate
Lanzarote enjoys a semi-arid climate that is often described as subtropical desert. The island experiences mild temperatures throughout the year, with average highs ranging from 21°C (70°F) in winter to 29°C (84°F) in summer. The trade winds and cool ocean currents moderate the temperature, ensuring pleasant conditions. Rainfall is low, averaging only around 150 millimeters (5.9 inches) annually, and the island is often sunny, making it a great destination for those seeking warmth and sunshine.
Population
The population of Lanzarote is approximately 156,000 people, with the capital city, Arrecife, home to around 61,000 of those residents. Other major towns include Puerto del Carmen, a popular resort area, and Playa Blanca in the south. The population is a mix of locals and expatriates, as the island attracts a significant number of foreign residents, particularly from Europe. The economy is heavily reliant on tourism, agriculture, and some fishing.
Economy
Tourism is the primary economic driver of Lanzarote. The island's unique volcanic landscapes, beautiful beaches, and pleasant climate attract over two million visitors annually. Major attractions include the Timanfaya National Park, Cueva de los Verdes (a cave formed by lava flows), Jameos del Agua (a cave system turned into an art and cultural center by artist César Manrique), and El Golfo, a green lagoon in a volcanic crater.
In addition to tourism, Lanzarote has a thriving agricultural sector, despite its arid environment. The island's innovative agricultural techniques, particularly the cultivation of wine grapes in volcanic ash, are renowned. The Malvasía wine produced in the La Geria wine region is highly regarded. Other crops include onions, potatoes, and tomatoes, grown using dryland farming methods.
History
Lanzarote’s human history dates back to the Majos, a Berber-speaking indigenous people who arrived from North Africa around 1,000 BCE. The island was first documented by the Phoenicians and later by the Romans, but it remained relatively isolated until the early 14th century, when Genoese navigator Lancelotto Malocello rediscovered it, and the island was subsequently named after him.
In the early 15th century, the Norman conqueror Jean de Béthencourt claimed the Canary Islands for Spain. Lanzarote became part of the Spanish Crown, and the island was often raided by pirates and slave traders during the following centuries.
The island’s modern history is shaped by volcanic eruptions, especially the Timanfaya eruptions of the 1730s, which devastated large areas of farmland and forced many to leave the island. In the 20th century, the artist and architect César Manrique played a significant role in Lanzarote’s development, blending tourism with conservation. Manrique’s vision ensured that Lanzarote maintained its cultural and natural heritage while developing a sustainable tourism industry.
Culture
Lanzarote’s culture is a mix of traditional Canarian customs and modern influences. The island celebrates many of the same festivals and events as the rest of the Canary Islands, such as Carnival, which is marked by colorful parades, costumes, and music. Local culture is also deeply connected to the island’s volcanic heritage, and traditional music and dances often reflect this connection.
The island’s most famous figure is César Manrique, whose works are visible across Lanzarote. Manrique was a strong advocate for preserving the island’s natural beauty, and his designs integrated the landscape into architecture and public spaces, including the creation of landmarks like the Mirador del Río, Jardín de Cactus, and Jameos del Agua. His legacy has left a lasting impact on Lanzarote, ensuring that it remains relatively unspoiled by large-scale development.
Attractions
Lanzarote offers a variety of natural and cultural attractions:
- Timanfaya National Park: The island’s most famous attraction, known for its volcanic landscape and geothermal features. Visitors can take guided tours through the lava fields and see demonstrations of geothermal heat.
- Cueva de los Verdes: A volcanic cave system that extends for several kilometers, once used by locals to hide from pirate attacks.
- Jameos del Agua: A volcanic cave transformed by César Manrique into a cultural center with a concert hall, swimming pool, and restaurant.
- La Geria Wine Region: Known for its unusual vineyards, where grapevines are planted in pits dug into volcanic ash. Wine tasting is a popular activity here.
- El Golfo: A striking green lagoon situated in a volcanic crater on the west coast of the island.
- Papagayo Beaches: A series of secluded, pristine beaches in the south of Lanzarote, known for their golden sands and clear waters.
- Mirador del Río: A viewpoint designed by César Manrique, offering panoramic views of the neighboring island of La Graciosa.
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